The relationship between washers and nuts

The relationship between washers and nuts
Washers are generally used in conjunction with nuts to prevent nut wear and tear during machine use. Now let's introduce what specifications it comes in.
Refers to the part that is cushioned between the connected part and the nut. Generally, it is a flat metal ring used to protect the surface of the connected part from being scratched by the nut, and to disperse the pressure of the nut on the connected part.
Washers are divided into: flat washer - C grade, large washer - A and C grade, extra large washer - C grade, small washer - A grade, flat washer - A grade, flat washer - chamfer type - A grade, high-strength washer for steel structure, spherical washer, conical washer, square bevel washer for I-beam, square bevel washer for channel steel, standard spring washer, light spring washer, heavy spring washer, inner tooth lock washer, inner tooth lock washer, outer tooth lock washer, outer tooth lock washer Single ear stop washer, double ear stop washer, outer tongue stop washer, and stop washer for round nuts.
polyslider washer
Flat washers are generally used in connectors where one is soft and the other is hard and brittle. Their main function is to increase the contact area, disperse pressure, and prevent the soft material from being crushed. The basic function of the spring washer is to apply force to the nut after tightening it, increasing the friction force between the nut and the bolt! The material is 65Mn (spring steel), with a heat treatment hardness of HRC44-51HRC, and has undergone surface oxidation treatment.
A washer that prevents bolts from loosening. The working principle of the lock washer is very simple. It consists of two washers. The outer side has a radial convex surface, while the inner side has a diagonal tooth surface. When assembling, the inner inclined tooth surfaces are opposite each other, and the outer radial convex surface is in an interlocking state with the contact surfaces at both ends. When the connecting piece is subjected to vibration and causes the bolt to loosen, only the relative displacement between the inner inclined tooth surfaces of the two washers is allowed, generating lifting tension, and achieving 100% locking.
Spring washers are widely used in load-bearing and non load-bearing structures of general mechanical products, characterized by low cost, convenient installation, and suitable for frequently installed and disassembled parts. The automatic selection of washers is included, but the anti loosening ability of spring washers is very low! Especially in Europe and the United States, the adoption rate of products requiring high reliability is extremely low, especially the important load-bearing structural join parts have long been abandoned. Our country still has some applications in military industry, but it has been improved to stainless steel material. Steel spring washers have long been banned from use in CASC! It can also be said that it is very unsafe, due to two reasons: 1) the "rising circle" and 2) hydrogen embrittlement.
Spring washers are often referred to as spring washers in the screw industry. It is made of stainless steel and carbon steel, and carbon steel is also known as iron. The commonly used spring washer specifications and sizes include M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10.M12, M14, M16. These specifications are more commonly used. The national standard GB/T 94.1-87 for spring washers specifies standard spring washers with a size of 2-48mm.